Why 70+ Countries Have Banned Paraquat But the U.S. Has Not
The disparity between the international regulatory consensus and the EPA’s position on paraquat is one of the most striking aspects of this litigation. The European Union banned paraquat in 2007. China banned it in 2017. Brazil — the world’s largest agricultural market — banned it in 2020. Thailand, Malaysia, Peru, Chile, Taiwan, and dozens of other countries have followed. In total, more than 70 countries have determined that paraquat is too dangerous for use. Yet the United States, despite having access to the same scientific evidence, continues to allow approximately 10 million pounds of paraquat to be applied annually.
The EPA classified paraquat as a Restricted Use Pesticide in 1978, acknowledging its acute toxicity. However, the restriction was based on the risk of acute poisoning — not chronic neurological effects. In 2021, the EPA issued an interim registration review decision that added new safety mitigation measures (closed-system packaging, label changes, additional training requirements) but declined to ban the herbicide. In 2024, the EPA completed its full registration review and once again reaffirmed paraquat’s registration.
The 2024 decision was particularly controversial because the Michael J. Fox Foundation — the world’s largest non-profit funder of Parkinson’s research — submitted 90 scientific studies supporting the link between paraquat and Parkinson’s disease. The EPA declined to act on these submissions. Critics allege that industry lobbying and Syngenta’s documented "Scientific Influencing Strategy" have corrupted the EPA’s decision-making process.
What the EPA’s Failure Means for the Litigation
The EPA’s refusal to ban paraquat does not weaken the litigation — in many ways, it strengthens it. The contrast between the EPA’s position and the international regulatory consensus demonstrates that reasonable regulators reviewing the same evidence reached the opposite conclusion. The EPA’s failure to protect American workers, despite overwhelming evidence of neurological harm, supports the argument that judicial remedies are necessary when regulatory systems fail.
Plaintiffs’ attorneys cite the EPA’s inaction as evidence of regulatory capture and corporate influence over government decision-making. The documented history of Syngenta’s "Scientific Influencing Strategy," targeting of independent scientists, and lobbying efforts provides a factual basis for these arguments. The litigation thus serves a dual purpose: compensating individuals harmed by paraquat and holding manufacturers accountable in a way that the regulatory system has failed to do.
Scientific Evidence
Paraquat and Parkinson’s Disease: The Role of Corporate Agnotology
Dorsey ER, et al. (2023). Movement Disorders
Key Findings
- Syngenta’s corporate predecessor ICI identified paraquat neurotoxicity in 1958 and confirmed brain penetration in 1966
- The Louise Marks studies documenting substantia nigra cell loss in paraquat-exposed animals were suppressed and not reported to regulators
- Syngenta’s 2003 "Scientific Influencing Strategy" was a coordinated effort to selectively publish favorable research while discrediting independent scientists
- Syngenta specifically targeted Dr. Deborah Cory-Slechta and hired v-Fluence to manage reputation and influence scientific discourse
- The pattern mirrors tobacco industry agnotology documented by Proctor and others, representing a deliberate corporate strategy to maintain a profitable product at the expense of public health
Exposure to Pesticides or Solvents and Risk of Parkinson Disease (Meta-Analysis)
Pezzoli G, Cereda E. (2013). Neurology
Key Findings
- Paraquat exposure was associated with an overall odds ratio of 1.64 for Parkinson’s disease, confirming a statistically significant increased risk
- The association was consistent across multiple independent studies conducted in different countries and populations
- Herbicide and pesticide exposure in general was associated with a pooled odds ratio of 1.62 for Parkinson’s disease
- The meta-analytic approach provides the aggregated statistical power that individual studies cannot achieve, strengthening the causal inference
Rotenone, Paraquat, and Parkinson’s Disease (FAME Study)
Tanner CM, Kamel F, Ross GW, et al. (2011). Environmental Health Perspectives
Key Findings
- Paraquat users had a 2.5-fold (250%) increased risk of Parkinson’s disease compared to non-users
- The association was statistically significant and persisted after controlling for confounding variables including age, sex, smoking, and other pesticide exposures
- Rotenone use was also associated with increased Parkinson’s risk (2.5x), and both compounds inhibit mitochondrial complex I through similar mechanisms
- The study used objective pesticide application records rather than self-reported exposure, substantially reducing recall bias
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Pages
Paraquat Aerial Spray Drift
Aerial application of paraquat produces spray drift that can carry the herbicide hundreds of meters or more from the target area, exposing rural residents, schoolchildren, and bystanders who never directly handled the chemical. Drift exposure is a recognized pathway in the paraquat litigation, and individuals who lived near aerial paraquat operations and developed Parkinson’s disease may have viable claims.
Paraquat & Early-Onset Parkinson’s
Early-onset Parkinson’s disease (diagnosed before age 50) is more strongly associated with environmental exposures like paraquat than late-onset cases. Individuals who developed Parkinson’s at a younger age after paraquat exposure may have particularly strong claims because early onset is a marker of environmental causation rather than normal aging.
Paraquat Farmworker Exposure
Agricultural workers and farmworkers bear the heaviest burden of paraquat exposure. An estimated 10 million pounds of paraquat are applied annually in the United States, and farmworkers — the majority of whom are Latino — face direct exposure through field work, crop handling, and inadequate protective equipment. The paraquat litigation seeks compensation for farmworkers who developed Parkinson’s disease as a result of occupational exposure.
Paraquat Parkinson’s Disease Lawsuit
Paraquat exposure causes Parkinson’s disease through a well-characterized mechanism of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and selective dopaminergic neuron death. The FAME study found a 2.5x increased risk, and MDL 3004 encompasses approximately 5,000 cases seeking compensation for individuals diagnosed with Parkinson’s after paraquat exposure.
Paraquat Settlement Amounts
Paraquat Parkinson’s settlement amounts are projected to range from $20,000 for early-stage cases to over $1,000,000 for severe, long-duration cases with strong exposure documentation. The MDL framework settlement agreement reached in April 2025 provides the structure for individual case resolution. Average projected settlements are $600,000 to $900,000. Filing now positions your claim for the current settlement distribution cycle.
Syngenta Paraquat Lawsuit
Syngenta is the primary defendant in the paraquat Parkinson’s litigation. The company, formed in 2000 from the merger of ICI/Zeneca and Novartis crop sciences, inherited decades of internal research documenting paraquat’s neurotoxicity. Syngenta implemented a "Scientific Influencing Strategy" to suppress and discredit this evidence. Acquired by ChemChina for $43 billion in 2017, Syngenta has paid $187.5 million in initial settlements and agreed to a broader framework settlement in April 2025.
Paraquat Wrongful Death Claims
Surviving family members can file wrongful death claims on behalf of loved ones who died from Parkinson’s disease caused by paraquat exposure. Parkinson’s is a progressive and ultimately fatal disease, and many paraquat-exposed individuals have already passed away. Wrongful death claims seek compensation for medical costs before death, funeral expenses, lost financial support, and loss of companionship.
Paraquat Parkinson’s Lawsuit
Paraquat is a restricted-use herbicide manufactured primarily by Syngenta and distributed by Chevron Phillips Chemical and Growmark. Despite being banned in more than 70 countries including the European Union, China, Brazil, and Thailand, paraquat remains legal in the United States, where approximately 10 million pounds are applied annually. Scientific evidence — including the landmark Farming and Movement Evaluation (FAME) study published in 2011 — demonstrates that paraquat exposure increases the risk of Parkinson’s disease by 2.5 times. The mechanism is well understood: paraquat triggers oxidative stress through redox cycling, inhibits mitochondrial complex I, and selectively kills dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to the progressive motor and cognitive deterioration characteristic of Parkinson’s disease. MDL 3004 was established in June 2021 in the Southern District of Illinois, with approximately 5,000 cases pending. Bellwether proceedings and settlement negotiations are ongoing, with projected individual settlements ranging from $20,000 to over $1,000,000 depending on disease severity and exposure documentation.
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